小小程日记-笔记分享Docker进阶
在线浏览思维导图
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容器命令
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docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]J基本命令OPTIONS说明
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--name=容器新名字为容器指定一个名称[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name=my_ubuntu ubuntu /bin/bash
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-d后台运行容器，并返回容器ID，就是启动守护式容器（后台运行） -
-i以交互模式运行容器，通常与-t同时使用 -
-t为容器分配一个伪输入终端，通常与-i同时使用[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
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-P随机分配端口（大写） -
-p指定分配端口（小写）
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docker ps列出所有正在运行的实例
OPTIONS说明
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-a列出所有正在运行的容器以及历史上运行过的
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-l显示最近创建的容器
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-n num显示最近创建的num个容器
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-q静默模式，只显示容器的ID
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exit在容器内部使用该命令退出，容器停止
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ctrl+p+q在容器内部使用该命令退出容器，但是后台继续运行
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docker start 容器ID|容器名称启动容器
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docker restart 容器ID|容器名称重启容器 -
docker stop 容器ID|容器名称停止容器 -
docker kill 容器ID|容器名称强制停止容器 -
docker rm 容器ID|容器名称删除已停止的容器
-f强制删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) #删除全部容器
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docker logs 容器ID|容器名称查看实例运行的日志
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docker top 容器ID|容器名称查看容器内部的运行进程
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docker inspect 容器ID|容器名称查看容器内部的细节[root@localhost /]# docker inspect 201ee0f0e066 [ { "Id": "201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51", "Created": "2023-02-23T05:42:50.600374754Z", "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh", "Args": [ "redis-server" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 12109, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2023-02-23T05:42:51.129776954Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:16ecd277293476392b71021cdd585c40ad68f4a7488752eede95928735e39df4", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51/201ee0f0e066f2f685a81778ebda162cf16a00ceb56b103a4b2349ff6a1bfc51-json.log", "Name": "/my_redis", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "ConsoleSize": [ 23, 116 ], "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [], "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [], "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [], "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [], "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/145e020b8af46eb498ff733e9fdd936aa7683fa349427c11b0c3293b50682b58-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0a5e8c6eb47686e0c8285c3808a31f261d2618ef418ff1fb9ffe829383ccc1c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c985bc6807ddcbb1b121f1a70acc71b062e3f6ff46e54f8eee89932b71ee4ec/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/92b4ad43e9d71cf23b6faeffd909b6fd45ab9bd92e2c13ab6c7b575671fce663/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7bc3017228eadbdfcf74a1f314fa7b0dda21f609ec785fd8f3f581d2fd8d328c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3ae45773c030dbb58d4a36b5cdee19b613cedada96a3924388dd92d2a63c9ae2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3a7991dc887dc9f1f59be4bc5a221eff5fae395f1a08d1d9418306af7a2a4077/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/145e020b8af46eb498ff733e9fdd936aa7683fa349427c11b0c3293b50682b58/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/145e020b8af46eb498ff733e9fdd936aa7683fa349427c11b0c3293b50682b58/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/145e020b8af46eb498ff733e9fdd936aa7683fa349427c11b0c3293b50682b58/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "a2a875de809671355c501cc92aef3ef6a394e893a73b40b3f69827b2ab1abe7d", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/a2a875de809671355c501cc92aef3ef6a394e893a73b40b3f69827b2ab1abe7d/_data", "Destination": "/data", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" } ], "Config": { "Hostname": "201ee0f0e066", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "6379/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "GOSU_VERSION=1.12", "REDIS_VERSION=6.0.8", "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.0.8.tar.gz", "REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=04fa1fddc39bd1aecb6739dd5dd73858a3515b427acd1e2947a66dadce868d68" ], "Cmd": [ "redis-server" ], "Image": "redis:6.0.8", "Volumes": { "/data": {} }, "WorkingDir": "/data", "Entrypoint": [ "docker-entrypoint.sh" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "51036380c26087df1309c90d57f749d3496b1fddcc3ca67b0209bfada0fe5c53", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "6379/tcp": null }, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/51036380c260", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "39abfccf67cb2d5604bb0cf01ea203daf1d3ee3a852a8999c66d37e88c0e6e75", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "85e20ab616803f9c79cad58520c8fc16412e44b3f18d082ce68d5ca5beb68c06", "EndpointID": "39abfccf67cb2d5604bb0cf01ea203daf1d3ee3a852a8999c66d37e88c0e6e75", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ] -
docker exec -it 容器ID|容器名称 bash重新进入容器内（需要容器实例正在运行中）
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docker attach 容器ID|容器名称重新进去容器内问：使用
exec和attach的区别是什么？答：
attach直接进入容器终端，使用exit命令退出，会导致容器停止；exit启动新终端进入容器，使用exit命令不会导致容器停止
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docker cp 容器ID|容器名称:容器路径 主机路径复制容器内的文件到宿主机
反之，宿主机的也可以复制到容器内
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docker export 镜像ID|镜像名称 > 文件名.tar把容器的内容导出到一个tar文件
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cat 文件名.tar | docker import - 镜像用户/镜像名:镜像版本号
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前后台启动区别
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前台交互启动
docker run -it redis:6.0.8适用于需要交互或者无法一直运行中的实例
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后台守护启动
docker run -d redis:6.0.8
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视频教程资料
attach Attach to a running container # 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像 build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像 commit Create a new image from a container changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像 cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中 create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器，同 run，但不启动容器 diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看 docker 容器变化 events Get real time events from the server # 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件 exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令 export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ] history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史 iages List images # 列出系统当前镜像 import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应export] info Display system-wide information # 显示系统相关信息 inspect Return low-level information on a container # 查看容器详细信息 kill Kill a running container # kill 指定 docker 容器 load Load an image from a tar archive # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save] login Register or Login to the docker registry server # 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器 logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 从当前 Docker registry 退出 logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出当前容器日志信息 port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口 pause Pause all processes within a container # 暂停容器 ps List containers # 列出容器列表 pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像 push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器 restart Restart a running container # 重启运行的容器 rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一个或者多个容器 rmi Remove one or more images # 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除] run Run a command in a new container # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令 save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load] search Search for an image on the Docker Hub # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像 start Start a stopped containers # 启动容器 stop Stop a running containers # 停止容器 tag Tag an image into a repository # 给源中镜像打标签 top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中运行的进程信息 unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暂停容器 version Show the docker version information # 查看 docker 版本号 wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
本作品采用 知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0 国际许可协议 进行许可。